Asteroidea

Pro subfamilia plantarum florentium, vide "Asteroideae".

Imago asteroideum ex Ernesti Haeckel opere Formis Artis Naturae, ei anno 1904 factis

Animalia — Echinodermata

Subphylum : Asterozoa
Classis : Asteroidea
De Blainville, 1830

Palaeontologia

Aevum Ordovicicum–praesens

Subdivisiones: Ordines

Brisingida

Forcipulatida
Notomyotida
Paxillosida
Spinulosida
Valvatida
Velatida Calliasterellidae †

Trichasteropsida †

Asteroidea, vulgo aliquando stellae marinae,^[1]^[2]^[3] sunt animalia marina subphyli Asterozoorum phyli Echindermatorum.^[4]

Descriptio

Asteroidea aspectu stellae similia sunt, itaque his duobus nominibus appellantur. Sunt circa 1800 species vivae, quae in omnibus orbis terrarum oceanis inveniuntur, inter quos oceani Atlanticus, Pacificus, Indicus, et regiones oceanorum Arctici et Australis (h.e., ante Antarcticam). Asteroidea fiunt trans latam profunditatis varietatem, a zona inter aestus ad zonam abyssalem^? (plus 6000 m).

Asteroidea sunt inter familiarissima animalium marinorum, quibus sunt aliquae proprietates late notae, inter quas regeneratio atque Mytilidae comesae. Eis sunt permultae corporis formae et rationes edendi. Gradus quo Asteroidea se regenerare possunt specie variatur. Sensu lato, asteroidea commoditatis gratia vescuntur, et nonnullis speciebus sunt peculiares vescendi mores, inter quos pascendum suspendendi^? (Anglice suspension feeding) et praedatio praedae propriae.

Asteroidea nonnullas personas graves in oecologia et biologia agunt. Pisaster ochraceus et species similes ut exemplum notionis species clavis in oecologia late cognitae sunt. Acanthaster planci tropicus est edax curalii praedator per regionem Indo-Pacificam. Alia asteroidea, sicut genera Asterinidarum, saepe in biologia evolutionis adhibentur.

Classificatio

Infraclassis Concentricycloidea
- ordo Peripodida
  - familia Xyloplacidae Baker, Rowe & Clark, 1986
Superordo Forcipulatacea
- ordo Brisingida
  - familia Brisingidae G.O. Sars, 1875
  - familia Freyellidae Downey, 1986
- ordo Forcipulatida
  - familia Asteriidae Gray, 1840
  - familia Heliasteridae Viguier, 1878
  - familia Pedicellasteridae Perrier, 1884
  - familia Pycnopodiidae Fisher, 1928
  - familia Stichasteridae
  - familia Zoroasteridae Sladen, 1889
Superordo Spinulosacea
- ordo Spinulosida
  - familia Echinasteridae Verrill, 1870
Superordo Valvatacea
- ordo Notomyotida
  - familia Benthopectinidae Verrill, 1899
- ordo Paxillosida
  - familia Astropectinidae Gray, 1840
  - familia Ctenodiscidae Sladen, 1889
  - familia Goniopectinidae Verrill, 1889
  - familia Luidiidae Sladen, 1889
  - familia Porcellanasteridae Sladen, 1883
  - familia Pseudarchasteridae
  - familia Radiasteridae Fisher, 1916
- ordo Valvatida
  - familia Acanthasteridae [Sladen, 1889]
  - familia Archasteridae Viguier, 1878
  - familia Asterinidae Gray, 1840
  - familia Asterodiscididae Rowe, 1977
  - familia Asteropseidae Hotchkiss & Clark, 1976
  - familia Chaetasteridae Sladen, 1889
  - familia Ganeriidae Sladen, 1889
  - familia Goniasteridae Forbes, 1841
  - familia Leilasteridae Jangoux & Aziz, 1988
  - familia Mithrodiidae Viguier, 1878
  - familia Odontasteridae Verrill, 1899
  - familia Ophidiasteridae Verrill, 1870
  - familia Oreasteridae Fisher, 1911
  - familia Podosphaerasteridae Fujita & Rowe, 2002
  - familia Poraniidae Perrier, 1875
  - familia Solasteridae Viguier, 1878
- ordo Velatida
  - familia Caymanostellidae Belyaev, 1974
  - familia Korethrasteridae Danielssen & Koren, 1884
  - familia Myxasteridae Perrier, 1885
  - familia Pterasteridae Perrier, 1875

Pinacotheca

Magnum asteroideum rubrum in Komodo National Park Indonesiae
Asteroideum in Komodo National Park Indonesiae
Acanthaster planci in Timoria Orientali
Pycnopodia helianthoides, maxima stella marina orbe terrarum, hic in piscina inter aestus in California sita visa
Fromia monilis Mauritiae
Coscinasterias calamaria
Asteroideum in Mari Albo Russiae
In piscina inter aestus ubi scorpaeniformis Leptasteridem hexactis comedit
Linckia laevigata in Papua Nova Guinea
Pisaster ochraceus in litore in Olympic National Park Civitatum Foederatarum
Pisaster ochraceus in Bamfield Canadae
Astropecten articulatus in litore
Linckia guildingi in Meedhupparu house reef in Insulis Maldivis
Pisaster giganteus
Pedes tubiformes hic videri possunt
Oreaster reticulatus, Cancun, Mexico
Oceanus Pacificus, Cannon Beach, Oregoniae Civitatum Foederatarum
Culcita schmideliana super Meedhupparu scopulum curalii in Insulis Maldivis
Protoreaster linckii, stella marina ex Oceano Indico
Cutis stellae marinae
Verua asteroideorum, Hippocamporum, et scorpionum ut cibus viarius in Sinis

Nexus interni

Stella

Notae

↑ Georgius Everhardus Rumphius, D'Amboinsche Rariteitkamer, behelzende eene beschryvinge van allerhande zoo weeke als harde schaalvisschen, te weeten raare krabben, krefften, en diergelyke zeedieren, als mede allerhande hoorntjes en schulpen, die men in d'Amboinsche Zee vindt: daar benevens zommige mineraalen, gesteenten, en soorten van aarde, die in d'Amboinsche en zommige omleggende Eilanden gevonden worden, ed. 2a (Amstelodami: Jan Roman de Jonge, 1741), prima editio, 1705. Vide Plate XV: Stella Marina, Zeesterren (Asteroidea, Starfish, Sea Star species).
↑ "Chapter 34. Of the Stella Marina. Bintang Laut. 1. I translated Rumphius' Latin name as 'Sea Stars,' a locution once just as common as 'Starfish' is now. . . . In Malay it means the same thing: bintang = star, and laut = sea." Georgius Everhardus Rumphius, The Ambonese Curiosity Cabinet, liber in Anglicum conversus, editus, adnotatus ab E. M. Beekman (Portu Novi: Yale University Press, 1999), p. 412.
↑ "The first reference Weber could find to the starfish was made by Rumphius in 1705, who referred to it as Stella marina quindecium [sic] radiorum"---Jan Sapp, What Is Natural? Coral Reef Crisis (Oxford University Press, 1999), p. 219.
↑ Rich Mooi, "Classification of the Extant Echinodermata." California Academy of Sciences.

Bibliographia

Blake, D. B., et T. E. Guensburg. 2005. Implications of a new early Ordovician asteroid (Echinodermata) for the phylogeny of Asterozoans. Journal of Paleontology 79(2):395-399.
Gilbertson, Lance. 1999. Zoology Lab Manual. Ed. 4a. Novi Eboraci: McGraw Hill Companies. ISBN 007237716X.
Shackleton, Juliette D. 2005. Skeletal homologies, phylogeny and classification of the earliest asterozoan echinoderms. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 3(1):29-114.
Solomon, E. P., L. R. Berg, et D. W. Martin. 2002. Biology. Ed. 6a.
Sutton M.D., D. E. G. Briggs, D. J. Siveter, D. J. Gladwell. 2005 A starfish with three-dimensionally preserved soft parts from the Silurian of England. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 272(1567):1001-1006.
Hickman C. P, L. S. Roberts, A. Larson, H. l'Anson, et D. J. Eisenhour. 2006. Integrated Principles of Zoology. Ed. 13a. Novi Eboraci: McGraw Hill. ISBN 0071115935.

Nexus externi

Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad asteroidea spectant.

Vide "asteroidea" apud Vicispecies.

Classificatio Echinodermatum Exstantium apud situm calacademy.org
De Asteroideis apud situm users.on.net (Starfish–Sea Stars)
De detrimento Echinodermatibus a pollutione olei effecto apud ocean.si.edu
De ordine apud situm tolweb.org (Propositum Arboris Vitae)
Photographemata Asteroideorum apud situm starfish.ch.c-invertebrates/seesterne.html

Echinodermata

Haec stipula ad Echinodermatum spectat. Amplifica, si potes!

[1] Georgius Everhardus Rumphius, D'Amboinsche Rariteitkamer, behelzende eene beschryvinge van allerhande zoo weeke als harde schaalvisschen, te weeten raare krabben, krefften, en diergelyke zeedieren, als mede allerhande hoorntjes en schulpen, die men in d'Amboinsche Zee vindt: daar benevens zommige mineraalen, gesteenten, en soorten van aarde, die in d'Amboinsche en zommige omleggende Eilanden gevonden worden, ed. 2a (Amstelodami: Jan Roman de Jonge, 1741), prima editio, 1705. Vide Plate XV: Stella Marina, Zeesterren (Asteroidea, Starfish, Sea Star species).

[2] "Chapter 34. Of the Stella Marina. Bintang Laut. 1. I translated Rumphius' Latin name as 'Sea Stars,' a locution once just as common as 'Starfish' is now. . . . In Malay it means the same thing: bintang = star, and laut = sea." Georgius Everhardus Rumphius, The Ambonese Curiosity Cabinet, liber in Anglicum conversus, editus, adnotatus ab E. M. Beekman (Portu Novi: Yale University Press, 1999), p. 412.

[3] "The first reference Weber could find to the starfish was made by Rumphius in 1705, who referred to it as Stella marina quindecium [sic] radiorum"---Jan Sapp, What Is Natural? Coral Reef Crisis (Oxford University Press, 1999), p. 219.

[4] Rich Mooi, "Classification of the Extant Echinodermata." California Academy of Sciences.

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