Bellus cantus

Ioachimus Rossini, compositor aetatis belli cantus. Pictura Vincentii Camuccini circa 1815.

Bellus cantus (Italice bel canto 'cantus pulcher')^[1] est notio plerumque operae musicaeque sacrae adhibita, cui sunt variae significationes multis explanationibus subiectae.^[2] Primus verbi bel canto in Italia saeculo septimo decimo exeunte usus incidit cum urbano cantus exemplari adhiberetur quod se inter amatores musicae operaticae et sacrae ibi evolvebat. Inter compositores belli cantus sunt Vincentius Bellini, Caietanus Donizetti et Ioachimus Rossini. Verbum autem in usum latum medio saeculi proximi venit, cum opera seria, aria de capite, voxque castratorum erant flores aetatis.

Bello cantui medio saeculo undevicensimo fuit significatio disertior cum vetustius exemplar vocale Italicum a vehementioribus minusque suavibus cantus modis distingui coeperet. Hi novi cantus modi orti erant ob operas crescentes, quae tum erant magnificentissimae, plurimis cantoribus contra maiores densioresque adiunctiones orchestrales in theatris maioribus; sed tamen "dictionaria nec musica nec generalia [verbum bel canto] usque post 1900 definire conata sunt."^[3] Verbum saeculo vicensimo uno incertum ambiguumque manet, atque saepe nostalgice ad evocandam amissam cantus memoriam recordatur.^[4]

Historia verbi et variae definitiones

Verbum bellus cantus ut hodie intellegitur ad modum vocalem spectat qui in Italia ortus est, per plurimum Europae per saeculum duodevicensimum obtinebat, et genere minus elaborato sed iam regnanti usque circa 1840 moratus est. Inter signa modi belli cantus fuerunt:

productio ligata (Italiane legato) omnem per ambitum (sine suturis) cantoris
usus qualitatis levis in ambitibus vocalibus altioribus
ars agilis et flexibilis, quae ornamenta perornata conficere potest
facultas faciendarum celerum accuratarumque divisionum
consonantes aspiratae et vibratum laxum vitatum
dictio limpida

Notae

↑ Inter constructiones similes Italianas ad rem pertinentes sunt bellezze del canto et bell’arte del canto.
↑ Stark, James (2003). Bel Canto: A History of Vocal Pedagogy. University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-0-8020-8614-3
↑ Anglice "neither musical nor general dictionaries saw fit to attempt [a] definition [of bel canto] until after 1900" (Duey 1951).
↑ Philip A. Duey, Bel Canto in Its Golden Age (Da Capo Press, 1951), ISBN 978-1-4067-5437-7.

Bibliographia

Brown, M. Augusta. 1894. "Extracts From Vocal Art." In The Congress of Women, ed. Mary Kavanaugh Oldham, p. 477. Sicagi: Monarch Book Company4),
Coffin, Berton. 2002. Sounds of Singing. Ed. 2a. Littlefield.
Christiansen, Rupert. 2002. "A tenor for the 21st century", The Daily Telegraph (15 Martii). Accessum 3 Novembris 2008.
Marchesi, Mathilde. 1970. Bel Canto: A Theoretical and Practical Vocal Method. Dover. ISBN 0-486-22315-9.
Osborne, Charles. 1994. The Bel Canto Operas of Rossini, Donizetti, and Bellini. Hal Leonard Corporation. ISBN 0-931340-84-5.
Pleasants, Henry. 1983. The Great Singers from the Dawn of Opera to Our Own Time. Londinii: Macmillan Publishers. ISBN 0-333-34854-0.
Potter, John. 2009. Tenor: History of a Voice. Portu Novo et Londinii: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-11873-5.
Reid, Cornelius L.. 1950. Bel Canto: Principles and Practices. Joseph Patelson Music House. ISBN 0-915282-01-1.
Roselli, John. 1995. Singers of Italian Opera: The History of a Profession. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-42697-9.
Rosenthal, Harold, et John Warrack, eds. 1980. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Opera. Ed. 2a. Londinii: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-311321-X.
Rushmore, Robert. 1971. The Singing Voice. Londinii: Hamish Hamilton. SBN 241019478.
Scalisi, Cecilia. 2003. "Raúl Giménez, el maestro del bel canto"^{[nexus deficit]}, La Nación (10 Novembris). Accessum 3 Novembris 2008.
Scott, Michael. 1977, 1979. The Record of Singing. Volumina 1 & 2. Londinii: Duckworth. ISBN 0-7156-1030-9 & ISBN 1-55553-163-6.
Somerset-Ward, Richard. 2004. Angels and Monsters: Male and Female Sopranos in the Story of Opera. Portu Novo et Londinii: Yale University Press. ISBN 03000099681.
Traité complet de chant et de déclamation lyrique Enrico Delle Sedie (Lutetiae, 1847) fragment

Alii fontes

Commentarii

Sectio de bello cantu in up/search/canto The Singer's Handbook a Lazar S. Samoiloff (1942)
Nigro, Antonella. "Observations on the Technique of Italian Singing from the 16th Century to the Present Day," ex libro Celebri Arie Antiche: le piu' note arie del primo Barocco italiano trascritte e realizzate secondo lo stile dell'epoca a Claudio Dall'Albero et Marcello Candela scripto. (www.cantorisancarlo.it/Observation1.htm)

Res digitizatae

"Bel Canto" Tituli ex Archivo Interretiali (e.g. Giovanni Battista Lamoperti, The Technics of Bel Canto)
Garcia, Manuel, et Beata Garcia, conv. 1894. Hints on singing. Ed nova ed retractata. Londinii: E. Ascherberg. Downloadable versions at the Internet Archive: [1]
Greene, Harry Plunket. 1912. Interpretation in Song. Novi Eboraci: The Macmillan Company. Downloadable versions at the Internet Archive: [2]
Lehmann, Lilli, et Richard Aldrich, conv. 1902. How to sing. Novi Eboraci: Macmillan & Co. Ltd. Downloadable versions at the Internet Archive: [3]

[1] Inter constructiones similes Italianas ad rem pertinentes sunt bellezze del canto et bell’arte del canto.

[Stark-2] Stark, James (2003). Bel Canto: A History of Vocal Pedagogy. University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-0-8020-8614-3

[3] Anglice "neither musical nor general dictionaries saw fit to attempt [a] definition [of bel canto] until after 1900" (Duey 1951).

[4] Philip A. Duey, Bel Canto in Its Golden Age (Da Capo Press, 1951), ISBN 978-1-4067-5437-7.

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