Charaxes

C. solon, Mahim Nature Park, Mumbai

Animalia — Arthropoda

Classis : Insecta
Ordo : Lepidoptera
Familia : Nymphalidae
Subfamilia : Charaxinae
Tribus : Charaxini
Genus : Charaxes
Ochsenheimer, 1816

Subdivisiones: Species

Multae; vide commentarium.

Synonyma

*Paphia Fabricius, 1807

Eriboea Hübner, [1819]
Jasia Swainson, 1832
Monura Mabille, 1877
Haridra Moore, [1880]
Zingha Hemming, 1939
Hadrodontes Stoneham, 1964
Stonehamia Cowan, 1968

Photographemata ex *Die charaxiden und apaturiden der kolonie Kamerun* (Schultze 1917), elementa biologiae Charaxis adducit.

Charaxes est genus typicus Charaxinarum, papilionum subfamiliae Nymphalidarum.^[1]^[2] Ad tribum Charaxinos pertinet, inter quos papiliones generis Polyura etiam digeruntur. Charaxes sunt papiliones tropici Mundi Veteris, quibus est multo maximam diversitatem in Africa sub-Saharana, minor numerus ab Asia Meridiana ad Melanesiam et Australiam, et unica species (Charaxes jasius) in Europa. Charaxes sunt volatores validi vivideque colorati, collectoribusque insectorum gratissimi.

Descriptio imaginis

Charaxibus adultis sunt thorax et abdomen robusta. Eorum latitudo alarum est ab 8 ad 10 fere cm. Primi alarum superiorum colores a fusco ad nigrum et pallescentem variant. Notae alarum esse possunt maculae, fasciae, vel vittae albae, aurantiae, vel caeruleae. Aliis speciebus sunt maculae caeruleae metallicae, aliis nitor generatim metallicus iridescens. Charaxes zingha partim ruber, Charaxes eupale viridula est. Mares complexus specierum Charaxis etheoclis plerumque sunt nigri, quam ob causam Charaxes nigri vulgo appellari solent.

Varii colores et formae Charaxis

Species

In litteris vetustioribus, nonnullae Polyurae, sicut Polyura dolon, in Charxes poni poterant.

Species in oecozona Afrotropica non inventae

Charaxes affinis Butler, [1866]
Charaxes amycus C. & R. Felder, 1861
Charaxes antonius Semper, 1878
Charaxes aristogiton C. & R. Felder, [1867]
Charaxes bernardus (Fabricius, 1793)
Charaxes borneensis Butler, 1869
Charaxes bupalus Staudinger, 1889
Charaxes distanti Honrath, [1885]
Charaxes durnfordi Distant, 1884
Charaxes elwesi Joicey & Talbot, 1922
Charaxes eurialus (Cramer, [1775])
Charaxes fervens Butler, 1896
Charaxes harmodius C. & R. Felder, [1867]
Charaxes kahruba (Moore, [1895])
Charaxes latona Butler, [1866]
Charaxes marmax Westwood, 1847
Charaxes mars Staudinger, 1885
Charaxes musashi Tsukada, 1991
Charaxes nitebis (Hewitson, 1859)
Charaxes ocellatus Fruhstorfer, 1896
Charaxes orilus Butler, 1869
Charaxes plateni Staudinger, 1889
Charaxes psaphon Westwood, 1847
Charaxes setan Detani, 1983
Charaxes solon (Fabricius, 1793)

Species in oecozona Afrotropica inventae

Per abecedarium perscriptae.^[1]^[3]

Notae

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Woodhall 2005.
↑ Braby 2004:174–175.
↑ Charaxes, funet.fi.
↑ Sp. nov. "Endemic species of butterfly discovered at Kihansi,"^{[nexus deficit]} IPP Media.

Bibliographia

Aduse-Poku, K., E. Vingerhoedt, et N. Wahlberg. 2009. Out-of-Africa again: a phylogenetic hypothesis of the genus Charaxes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) based on five gene regions. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 53(2):463–478. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2009.06.021.
Braby, Michael F. 2004. Complete Field Guide to Butterflies of Australia. CSIRO Publishing. ISBN 0643090274.
Woodhall, Steve. 2005. Field Guide to Butterflies of South Africa. Cape Town: Struik Publishers.

Bibliographia addita

Darge, Philippe. 1983. Fauna of Cameroon: The genus Charaxes. Sciences Nat. (Venette) 1–136, pl. 1–43.
Henning, Stephen Frank. 1989. The Charaxinae Butterflies of Africa. Johannesburg: Aloe Books. ISBN 0620128119.
Müller, Chris J., Niklas Wahlberg, et Luciano B. Beheregaray. 2010. "After Africa": the evolutionary history and systematics of the genus Charaxes Ochsenheimer (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in the Indo-Pacific region. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 100(2):457–481.
Plantrou, Jacques. 1973. Note sur les Charaxes de l’Afrique occidentale, 1 (Lep. Nymphalidae). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 78(7-8):268–276.
Plantrou, Jacques. 1974. Note sur les Charaxes de l’Afrique occidentale, 2 (Lep. Nymphalidae). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 79(5–6):125–131.
Plantrou, Jacques. 1983. Systématique biogéographie et évolution des Charaxes africains (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae). Lutetiae: École normale supérieure, Laboratoire de zoologie. Series: Publications du Laboratoire de zoologie, École normale supérieure, no 25. ISBN 9782728800926
Rothschild, Walter, et Karl Jordan. 1898. A monograph of Charaxes and the allied prionopterous genera. Novitates Zoologicae 5:545–601
Turlin, Bernard. 2005-2007. Butterflies of the World, ed. Erich Bauer et Thomas Franckenbach. Partes 22, 25, 28, 32, Charaxes 1–4. Goecke & Evers. ISBN 9783937783321.
Van Someren, Victor Gurney Logan. 1963–1975. Revisional Notes on the African Charaxes. Partes 1–10, pp. 652, pl. 148.

Nexus externi

Vide "Charaxes" apud Vicispecies.

Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad Charaxes spectant.

Charaxes, eol.org (EOL)
Imagines, www.barcodinglife.org (Consortium for the Barcode of Life)
Pteron, www.petron-world.com (lingua Iaponiensi)
Vingerhoedt, Eric. African Charaxes, www.charaxes.be

[Woodhall-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Woodhall 2005.

[Braby-2] Braby 2004:174–175.

[3] Charaxes, funet.fi.

[4] Sp. nov. "Endemic species of butterfly discovered at Kihansi,"^{[nexus deficit]} IPP Media.

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