Monoaminorum oxidasis

L-monoaminorum oxydases (MAO) (Numerus EC: 1.4.3.4) est familia enzymorum quae monoaminorum oxidationi favent.^[1]^[2] Monoamini oxydases in mitochondriorum membranis externis inveniuntur. In corpore humani adhuc duae formae exstiterunt (MAO-A et MAO-B). Enzymum de Maria Bernheim in iecore primo nomine tyramini oxidasis descripta est^[3]^[4].

Isoenzymi

In hominibus duo, isoenzymi, subtypi noti sunt^[5]: Monoaminorum oxidasis A (MAO-A) et monoaminorum oxidasis B (MAO-B). Structura genorum utriusque isoenzymi similia est: Ambobus 15 exona sunt, et relatio inter exona et introna aeque distributa. Et MAO-A et MAO-B in neuronibus astrocytis cerebri inveniuntur.

Monoaminorum oxidasis A (MAO-A)

Conferatur pagina principalis: Monoaminorum oxidasis A.

Nomen geni subtypi A MAOA nominatur et in chromosomate X locatum est. In cerebro humano MAO-A imprimis in neuronibus abunde catecholalminorum velut in loco caeruleo et formatione reticulari locatum est^[6]. Distributum MAO-A est etiam in iecore, cellulis endothelialibus pulmonum, tractu gastrointestinali atque placenta.

Monoaminorum oxidasis B (MAO-B)

Conferatur pagina principalis: Monoaminorum oxidasis B.

Nomen geni subtypi B MAOB nominatur. Genum MAOB quoque in chromosomate X, ut genum MAOA, locatum est. In cerebro humano MAO-B praecipue in cellulis nervorum systematis serotonergici atque nucleis raphes (et dorsalibus et medianis) inventum est^[6]. Enzymum MAO-B in thrombocytis quoque exprimuntur.

MAO inhibitores

Medicamenta enzymum impediens sunt, per exemplum: Moclobemidum ( inhibitor MAO-A, substantia antidepressiva), Selegelinum et Rasagilinum (inhibitor MAO-B, morbus Parkinson)

Historia

Creatio inhibitorum MAO ab annis 1950 coepit, cum inventione tuberculostatici primum cogitati isoniazidi, quod effectus antidepressivos ostendebat. Illo in tempore autem inhibitio modum isoformae A momentum habuit, at paulo post effectus adversarii ut capitis dolor, arrhythmiae cardiales, hypertensio arterialis percipiebantur, imprimis una cum consumptione generum quorumque caseorum. Ab annis 1960 investigationes inhibitorum isoformae B, quae intra systema nervosum centrale enzymum catabolicum degragationem neurotransmissoris dopamini agit, quoque fabricationem novorum medicamentorum in morbo Parkinson tractando dabant.

Notae

↑ "Monoamine oxidases: certainties and uncertainties". Current Medicinal Chemistry 11 (15): 1965–82. August 2004
↑ "Structure and mechanism of monoamine oxidase". Current Medicinal Chemistry 11 (15): 1983–93. August 2004
↑ "Tyramine oxidase: A new enzyme system in liver". The Biochemical Journal 22 (4): 968–79. 1928
↑ "Mary Bernheim and the discovery of monoamine oxidase". Brain Research Bulletin 50 (5-6): 373. 1999
↑ Shih J. C. (2018). "Monoamine oxidase isoenzymes: genes, functions and targets for behavior and cancer therapy". J Neural Transm (Vienna): doi: 10.1007/s00702-018-1927-8
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 Westlund K. N., Denney R. M., Rose R. M., Abell C. W. (1988). "Localization of distinct monoamine oxidase A and monoamine oxidase B cell populations in human brainstem". Neuroscience 25 (2): 439-56

Nexus interni

[pmid15279561-1] "Monoamine oxidases: certainties and uncertainties". Current Medicinal Chemistry 11 (15): 1965–82. August 2004

[pmid15279562-2] "Structure and mechanism of monoamine oxidase". Current Medicinal Chemistry 11 (15): 1983–93. August 2004

[pmid16744124-3] "Tyramine oxidase: A new enzyme system in liver". The Biochemical Journal 22 (4): 968–79. 1928

[pmid10643441-4] "Mary Bernheim and the discovery of monoamine oxidase". Brain Research Bulletin 50 (5-6): 373. 1999

[5] Shih J. C. (2018). "Monoamine oxidase isoenzymes: genes, functions and targets for behavior and cancer therapy". J Neural Transm (Vienna): doi: 10.1007/s00702-018-1927-8

[WESTLUND-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Westlund K. N., Denney R. M., Rose R. M., Abell C. W. (1988). "Localization of distinct monoamine oxidase A and monoamine oxidase B cell populations in human brainstem". Neuroscience 25 (2): 439-56

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