Permium

Permium^[1]^[2] est systema stratigraphicum et periodus geologica.

Divisio suprema constituit aerae Palaeozoicae, sexta autem ab infima aeonis Phanerozoicae. Abhinc 2989 ± 1.5 centies milium annorum coepit, antecessore Carbonifero. Finem habuit abhinc 2521.7 ± 0.6 centies milium annorum, successore Triassico, secundum scalam aevorum geologicorum Commissionis Internationalis Stratigraphicae.^[3] Permium inceptum ab antiquissimis fossilibus Streptognathodus isolatus datur.^[4] Terminus Permius Triassicus eodem tempore quo maxima specierum exstinctio incidit.

In tris series dividitur, quae ab infima ad supremam Cisuralium, Guadalupium, Lopingium appellantur. In novem stadia dividitur, quae ab infimo ad supremum Asselium, Sakmarium, Artinskium, Kungurium, Roadium, Wordium, Capitanium, Wuchiapingium, Changhsingium appellantur.^[5]

Nomen anno 1841 e gubernio Permiensi imperii Russici (territorio Permiensi hodierno) deduxit Rodericus Murchison sub forma Anglica Permian system. In illo gubernio cum Eduardo de Verneuil strata amplissima huius systematis nuper exploravit.^[6]^[7]

Pinacotheca

Animalia ex Permio opinabile restituta.

Eryops (Amphibia)
Seymouria (Reptiliomorpha)
Scutosaurus karpinskii (Procolophonia)
Dimetrodon (Pelycosauria)
Anteosaurus (Dinocephalia)
Inostrancevia (Gorgonopsia)
Diictodon (Dicynodontia)
Procynosuchus (Cynodontia)

Notae

↑ "Oberes Permium (259,8–252,2 Mill Jahre)" contextu Theodisco hic habes.
↑ "Perm": Christof Kuhn, "Etymology of Geological Time Units". Rarissime "Permicum."
↑ "International Chronostratigraphic Chart."
↑ Ita de:wiki.
↑ "Internationale Chronostratigraphische Tabelle" (2017).
↑ "Permian System (Zechstein of Germany—Magnesian limestone of England): Some introductory remarks explain why the authors have ventured to use a new name in reference to a group of rocks which, as a whole, they consider to be on the parallel of the Zechstein of Germany and magnesian limestone of England. They do so, not merely because a portion of deposits has long been known by the name "grits of Perm," but because, being enormously developed in the governments of Perm and Orenburg, they there assume a great variety of lithological features": R. I. Murchison, E. de Verneuil, A. von Keyserling, On the Geological Structure of the Central and Southern Regions of Russia in Europe and of the Ural Mountains (Londinii: Richard and John E. Taylor, 1842) p. 14
↑ De historia nominis definitionisque vide: Mary Grace Wilmarth, The Geologic Time Classification of the United States Geological Survey Compared With Other Classifications, accompanied by the original definitions of era, period and epoch terms (United States Geological Survey Bulletin no. 769. Vasingtoniae: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1925) (p. 70 apud Google Books).

Bibliographia

Aceñolaza, F. G., et al. 1991. "El Sistema Pérmico en la República Argentina y en laRepública Oriental del Uruguay (Pre-Impresión)." II° Congr. Int. Estrat. y Geol. Carbonífero y Pérmico. Bonaeropoli: Acad. Nac. Ci. Córdoba.
Frey, Wolfgang, et Rainer Lösch. 1998.l Lehrbuch der Geobotanik. Stutgardiae: Gustav Fischer. ISBN 3-437-25940-7.
Lucas, Spencer G., Joerg W. Schneider, et Giuseppe Cassinis. 2006. "Non-Marine Permian Biostratigraphy and Biochronology]." Geological Society Special Publications 265: 1–14. PDF.
Oschmann, Wolfgang. 2016. Evolution der Erde: Geschichte der Erde und des Lebens. Bernae: Haupt Verlag. UTB basics, 4401. ISBN 978-3-8252-4401-9.
Rößler, Ronny. 2003. "Farnwälder, Glutwolken und Salzwüsten: Das Perm." Biologie in unserer Zeit 33 (4): 244–51. ISSN 0045-205X.
Schneebeli-Hermann, Elke. 2012. "Extinguishing a Permian World." Geology 40 (3): 287–88. doi:10.1130/focus032012.1 |bibcode=2012Geo....40..287S.
Schneider, Jörg W., Frank Körner, Marco Roscher, et Uwe Kroner. 2006. "Permian climate development in the northern peri-Tethys area: The Lodève basin, French Massif Central, compared in a European and global context." Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 240 (1-2): 161–83. ISSN 0031-0182.
Vasicek, Werner. 1983. 280 Millionen Jahre alte Spuren der Steinkohlewälder von Zöbing. Eggenburgi: Katalogreihe des Krahuletz-Museums 4.
Vasicek, Werner, et Fritz F. Steininger. 1999. "Jungpaläozoikum von Zöbing." Schriftenreihe des Waldviertler Heimatbundes 38: 63ff.

Nexus interni

Dimetrodon

Nexus externi

Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad Permium spectant.

Körner, Frank. 2005. "Klima- und Sedimentationsmuster des peri-tethyalen, kontinentalen Perms – interdisziplinäre Studien an red beds des Lodève Beckens (S-Frankreich)." Dissertatio.
"Geologic Time Scale 2004." International Commission on Stratigraphy.
Exempla reliquarum aevi Permiani.
"Permian" olim apud Palaeos divulgatum.
"Permian." Gradus chronostratigraphicus.
Strata Permiana classica in Montibus Vitreis Pelvis Permianae.
Stratigraphia Permiana hodierna. Universitas Californiensis.

Systemata = Periodi geologicae

	Tyrannosaurus rex
Siderium • Rhyacium • Orosirium • Statherium • Calymmium • Ectasium • Stenium • Tonium • Cryogenium • Ediacarium • Cambrium • Ordovicium • Silurium • Devonium • Carboniferum • Permium • Triassicum • Iurassicum • Cretaceum • Palaeogenicum • Neogenicum • Quaternarium Index aevorum geologicorum Capsae cognatae: Aeones • Aerae • Periodi • Epochae • Aetates geologicae = Aeonothemata • Aerathemata • Systemata • Series • Stadia stratigraphica

[1] "Oberes Permium (259,8–252,2 Mill Jahre)" contextu Theodisco hic habes.

[2] "Perm": Christof Kuhn, "Etymology of Geological Time Units". Rarissime "Permicum."

[3] "International Chronostratigraphic Chart."

[4] Ita de:wiki.

[5] "Internationale Chronostratigraphische Tabelle" (2017).

[6] "Permian System (Zechstein of Germany—Magnesian limestone of England): Some introductory remarks explain why the authors have ventured to use a new name in reference to a group of rocks which, as a whole, they consider to be on the parallel of the Zechstein of Germany and magnesian limestone of England. They do so, not merely because a portion of deposits has long been known by the name "grits of Perm," but because, being enormously developed in the governments of Perm and Orenburg, they there assume a great variety of lithological features": R. I. Murchison, E. de Verneuil, A. von Keyserling, On the Geological Structure of the Central and Southern Regions of Russia in Europe and of the Ural Mountains (Londinii: Richard and John E. Taylor, 1842) p. 14

[7] De historia nominis definitionisque vide: Mary Grace Wilmarth, The Geologic Time Classification of the United States Geological Survey Compared With Other Classifications, accompanied by the original definitions of era, period and epoch terms (United States Geological Survey Bulletin no. 769. Vasingtoniae: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1925) (p. 70 apud Google Books).

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