Zoopharmacognosis

Psittaciformes (Ara ararauna, Ara macao, Ara severus, Amazona farinosa, Pionus menstruus, Pyrilia barrabandi) terram comedunt.

Zoopharmacognosis seu zoopharmacognosia est consuetudo animalium, morbis vel invaliditatibus affectorum, quae plantas aliasve res salutares comedunt. Talibus curis iam ab Aristotele et Theophrasto relatis, inter eruditos recentiores D. H. Janzen medicamentorum botanicorum apud varia animalia usum observavit. Verbum Anglicum zoopharmacognosy Eligius Rodriguez et Ricardus Wrangham anno 1993 primi excogitaverunt.

Bibliographia

Fungus Ganoderma applanatum, quod pharmacum immunostimulans praebet, a Gorilla gorilla usitatum (Cousins et Huffman (2002) p. 71)

Felis silvestris catus gramina masticans

Generalia

• Eraldo Costa Neto, "Zoopharmacognosy, the self-medication behavior of animals" in Interfaces científicas vol. 1 (2012)
• Eloy Rodriguez, Richard Wrangham, "Zoopharmacognosy: The Use of Medicinal Plants by Animals" in Phytochemical Potential of Tropical Plants (Recent Advances in Phytochemistry 27, 1993) pp. 89-105

Pharmacognosis animalium variorum

• D. H. Janzen, "Complications in interpreting the chemical defenses of trees against tropical arboreal plant-eating vertebrates" in G. G. Montgomery, ed., The ecology of arboreal folivores (Vasingtoniae: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1978) pp. 73–84
• Michael S. Singer, Kevi C. Mace, Elizabeth A. Bernays, "Self-Medication as Adaptive Plasticity: Increased Ingestion of Plant Toxins by Parasitized Caterpillars" in PLOS One (10 Martii 2009)

Pharmacognosis primatum

• Maria DeJoseph, R. S. L. Taylor, Mary Baker, Manuel Aregullin, "Fur-rubbing behavior of capuchin monkeys" in Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology vol. 46 (2002) pp. 924-925
• Yianna Koutsioni, Volker Sommer, "The Bush as Pharmacy and Supermarket: Mechanisms and functions of plant use by human and non-human primates at Gashaka^{[nexus deficit]}" in V. Sommer, C. Ross, edd., Primates of Gashaka (Developments in Primatology 135: Progress and Prospects 35. Springer, 2011)
• Isabelle B. Laumer et al., "Active self-treatment of a facial wound with a biologically active plant by a male Sumatran orangutan" in Nature Scientific Reports vol. 14 no. 8932 (2024)
• Liége M. Petroni et al., "Medicinal plants in the diet of woolly spider monkeys (Brachyteles arachnoides, E. Geoffroy, 1806): a bio-rational for the search of new medicines for human use?" in Revista brasileira de farmacognosia vol. 27 (2017) pp. 135–142

Pharmacognosis hominidarum

• Don Cousins, Michael Huffman, "Medicinal properties in the diet of gorillas: an ethno-pharmacological evaluation" in African Study Monographs vol. 23 (2002) pp. 65-89
• Jef Dupain et al., "New Evidence for Leaf Swallowing and Oesophagostomum Infection in Bonobos (Pan paniscus)" in International Journal of Primatology vol. 23 (2002)
• Lydia M. Hopper et al., "Experimental studies of traditions and underlying transmission processes in chimpanzees" in Animal Behaviour vol. 73 (2007) pp. 1021-1032
• Michael A. Huffman, Richard W. Wrangham, "Diversity of Medicinal Plant Use by Chimpanzees in the Wild" in Richard W. Wrangham et al., edd., Chimpanzee Cultures (Cantabrigiae Massachusettensium: Harvard University Press, 1994) pp. 129-148
• Melodie Kreyer et al., "What fecal analyses reveal about Manniophyton fulvum consumption in LuiKotale bonobos (Pan paniscus): A medicinal plant revisited" in American Journal of Primatology (2021) e23318
• Sabrina Krief, Claude Marcel Hladik, Claudie Haxaire, "Ethnomedicinal and bioactive properties of plants ingested by wild chimpanzees in Uganda” in Journal of Ethnopharmacology vol. 101 (2005) pp. 1-15 Alibi
• Alessandra Mascaro, Simone Pika et al., "Application of insects to wounds of self and others by chimpanzees in the wild" in Current Biology vol. 32 no. 3 (2022) pp. R112-R113
• Paula Pebsworth, Sabrina Krief, Michael A. Huffman, "The Role of Diet in Self-Medication Among Chimpanzees in the Sonso and Kanyawara Communities, Uganda" in N. F. N. Fisher et al., Primates of Western Uganda (Novi Eboraci: Springer, 2006)

Pharmacognosis generis Hominis

• Karen Hardy et al., "Neanderthal medics? Evidence for food, cooking, and medicinal plants entrapped in dental calculus" in Naturwissenschaften vol. 99 (2012) pp. 617-626
• Karen Hardy, Stephen Buckley, Michael Huffman, "Neanderthal self-medication in context" in Antiquity vol. 87 no. 337 (2013) pp. 873-878

Nexus externi

• Stephen A. Daire, "A preliminary comparative study of zoopharmacognosy in Hominidae: Self-vermifugation & Secondary Inheritance"
• Vani Mamillapalli et al., "Zoo pharmacognosy: animal self medication"