Lingua Massachusett

Lingua Massachusett est lingua Algonquiana familiae Algicae, quo nonnullae tribus in litoralibus Massachusettae regionibus inter quas Cape Cod et Insulae habitantes utebantur. Lingua generatim appellabatur lingua Natica, Wômpanâak (Wampanoag), Pokanoket, et simpliciter a Peregrinatoribus et aliis colonis primis lingua Indica.^[1] Lingua adhibita est ab Ioanne Eliot ad imprimenda prima Biblia Sacra in America anno 1663. Acceptio orthographiae horum bibliorum alphabetismum inter indigenas Novae Angliae meridianae adiuvit.^[2] Lingua, quae exstincta saeculo undevicensimo exeunte facta est, a Jessie Little Doe Baird nunc redintegratur, socia tribus Wampanoag, quae Propositum Redintegrationis Linguae Wômpanâak anno 1993 coepit. Scholae in quattuor communibus Wampanoag institutae sunt, et perpauci locutores a pueritia lingua utuntur.^[3]

Vis linguae Massachusettensium in lingua Anglica

Coloni Anglici nonnulla vocabula ad floram, faunam, cibos, et culturam indigenarum spectantia acceperunt, quorum multa adhibuerunt cum de et cum Indis communicarent, wigwam words ('verba tabernaculi') appellata. Multae harum locutionum, saepe in Anglicam Pidgin Massuchettensem interposta, saeculo duodevicensimo ineunte iam obsolescebant, cum bella cum Indis favorem culturae indigenarum finivit, sed nonnulla iam usurpantur. Inter eis sunt peag (imminutio Massachusettensis wampumpeag 'pecunia'), matchit ('malus'), nocake (johnnycake), samp (Massachusettense nasampe / Narragansettense nausamp), squunck (skunk, fortasse Abenakice seganku 'mephitida'), musquash ('ondatra') muggumquomp, mugwomp 'dux belli' (mugwump 'homo nullius factionis politicae'), et askosquash 'medulla' (squash 'cucurbita').^[4] Quia linguae Algonquianae Orientales arte cognatae sunt, exacta multorum verborum mutuatorum origo ignota est, sed verba Anglica sequentia cognata Massachusett habent quae nosci possunt: 'moose' (mꝏs 'alces'), papoose (papaseit 'infantulus; confer Narragansett papoos), moccasin (makussin 'calceus'), kinnikinnick (kenugkiyeuonk 'permixtio'), terrapin (tꝏsnuppasog, 'testudo), hominy (toggahhum, 'is id molit'), quahog (pooquaw 'mercenaria'), tuckahoe (toggahhum 'plantae peltandra viriginica et orontium aquaticum, araceae'), caucus (kogkateamau, 'suadet'), pipsissewa (peshau 'flos'), tomahawk (tongkong 'ascia'), totem (wutokhit 'huius loci'), manitou (manitt 'spiritus'), pogamoggan (pogkomunk, 'clava, virga'), et 'pone' ('panis ex mays factus, ex uppónnat 'torrere').^[5]^[6] Nonnulla vocabula unica et probabiliter obsoleta in orientalibus lingua Anglica Novae Angliae varietatibus sunt 'toshence' (ex mattasons 'ultima familiae filius', sed in regione ad significandum 'ultima cuiusdam rei' adhibitum), 'nunkom' (ex nunkomp 'iuvenis' in ambabus linguis), 'neshaw' (neshaw, ad argenteam anguillae rostratae stationem spectans), 'tuckernuck' (ex Insula Tuckernuck, ad 'formam panis' spectans, sensu picnic adhibitum), 'wickakee' ('planta hieracium'), 'tom pung' ('sleigh unius equi', ut videtur verbum cum toboggan cognatum), pauhagan ('menhaden', quod ad verbum 'quod fertile facit' in translaticio piscis usu), et pishaug ('anatida melanitta perspicillata iuvenis vel feminea').^[7]

Adnotationes

↑ D. J. Costa, D. J., "The Dialectology of Southern New England Algonquian" in Papers of the 38th Algonquian Conference, ed. H. C. Wolfart (Winnipeg Manitobae: University of Manitoba Press, 2007: 81-127). .
↑ D. B. Ricky, Encyclopedia of Massachusetts Indians (Hamburg Michiganiae: North American Book Dist LLC, 1999), 142.
↑ S. Doane, "Wampanoag: Reviving the Language" (Novi Eboraci: CBS Broadcast Inc., 2012).
↑ "English in contact," in English Historical Linguistics: An International Handbook, ed. A. Bergs et L. J. Brinton (Berolini: De Gruyter, 2012), 2:1659-1809.
↑ B. Swann, Algonquian Spirit: Contemporary Translations of the Algonquian Literatures of North America (Lincoln Nebracsae: University of Nebraska Press, 2005), xi–xiv.
↑ A. Bergs et L. J. Brinton (2012).
↑ F. W. Hodge, Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico (Vasingtoniae: Smithsonian Institution, 191), 3:74.

Bibliographia

Little Doe Fermino, Jessie. 2000. An Introduction to Wampanoag Grammar. M.S. thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Goddard, Ives. 1978. "Eastern Algonquian Languages." In Handbook of North American Indians, vol. 15, ed. Bruce G. Trigger. Vasingtoniae: The Smithsonian Institution.
Goddard, Ives, et Kathleen J. Bragdon, eds. 1989. Native Writings in Massachusett. Philadelphiae: American Philosophical Society. ISBN 0-87169-185-X.
Moondancer et Strong Woman. 2007. A Cultural History of the Native Peoples of Southern New England: Voices from Past and Present. Boulder Colorati: Bauu Press. ISBN 0-9721349-3-X.
Walker, Willard B. 1997. "Native Writing Systems." In Handbook of North American Indians, vol. 17, ed. Ives Goddard. Vasingtoniae: The Smithsonian Institution.

Nexus externi

Lingua Wampanoag et Tribus Wampanoag, www.native-languages.org
Propositum Redintegrationis Linguae Wôpanâak (Wampanoag), wlrp.org
"We Still Live Here," makepeaceproductions.com (documentarium de lingua Wampanoag)

Dictionaria et grammatica

Natick Dictionary
Vocabulary of the Massachusetts (or Natick) Indian language (1829)
Trumbull, James Hammond (1903). Natick Dictionary, Washington, DC: Government Printing Office (Washington) (also at the Internet Archive)

Grammatica

Fermino, Jessie Little Doe. 2000. An Introduction to Wampanoag Grammar. MIT.
Eliot, John. 1666. The Indian Grammar Begun. Cantabrigiae: Marmaduke Johnson.

Textus

"Algonquian Texts" University of Massachusetts
Eliot, "Translation of the Book of Genesis," www.kingscollections.org].
Eliot, John (1709): The Massachuset Psalter or, Psalms of David with the Gospel according to John. Bostoniae: Company for the Propagation of the Gospel in New England.

Stipula

Haec stipula ad linguam vel ad linguisticam spectat. Amplifica, si potes!

[1] D. J. Costa, D. J., "The Dialectology of Southern New England Algonquian" in Papers of the 38th Algonquian Conference, ed. H. C. Wolfart (Winnipeg Manitobae: University of Manitoba Press, 2007: 81-127). .

[2] D. B. Ricky, Encyclopedia of Massachusetts Indians (Hamburg Michiganiae: North American Book Dist LLC, 1999), 142.

[3] S. Doane, "Wampanoag: Reviving the Language" (Novi Eboraci: CBS Broadcast Inc., 2012).

[4] "English in contact," in English Historical Linguistics: An International Handbook, ed. A. Bergs et L. J. Brinton (Berolini: De Gruyter, 2012), 2:1659-1809.

[5] B. Swann, Algonquian Spirit: Contemporary Translations of the Algonquian Literatures of North America (Lincoln Nebracsae: University of Nebraska Press, 2005), xi–xiv.

[6] A. Bergs et L. J. Brinton (2012).

[7] F. W. Hodge, Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico (Vasingtoniae: Smithsonian Institution, 191), 3:74.

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