Socialismus

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Civitas sui iuris · Rectio · Maiestas · Titulus

Socialismus^[1]^[2] est theoria oeconomica et civilis quae suadet dominium publicum vel commune et conlectivam^? viarum productionis adlocationisque bonorum administrationem.^[3]^[4]^[5] In oeconomico systemate socialistico, productio a libera operariorum consociatione efficitur ut aestimatio usus ad maximum directe fiat (contra indirectam productionem ab aestimatione permutationis ad maximum facta), per consilium oeconomicum arbitriorum de conlocationibus pecuniae, distributione aestimationis additae, et modo productionis.^[6] Socialismus igitur est copia ordinum socialium oeconomicorum in post-monetario calculationis systemate condita, sicut moneta in tempore conditum, tempus laboris, unitates energiae, vel calculatio in genere.^[7]

Ioannes Jaurès socialista Gallicus de socialismo et lingua Latina in sermone Latine habito dixit: "Nec mihi displicet ad res hodiernas Latinum usurpasse sermonem, quando in hoc sermone et ius humanum antiquae philosophiae moralis, expressum sit, et Christiana fraternitas suspiraverit ac cecinerit, et ille Latinus sermo hodie adhuc solus sit omnium populorum universus et communis sermo et sic universali socialismo conveniat. Ita Latinus sermo isti integrali socialismo, quem Benedictus Malon descripsit, conformis est, in eo socialismum non quasi exiguam factionem sed quasi ipsam humanitatem, videmus; et sub specie humanitatis et aeternitatis socialismus adspicitur." ^[8]

Theoria sociale et civile

Si plus cognoscere vis, vide etiam Genera socialismi.

Philosophi Marxisti et non-Marxisti consentiunt socialismum se evolvisse contra hodiernum capitalismum industrialem, sed discrepat inter eos de natura socialismi capitalismique coniunctionis. Hoc in contextu,^? verbum socialismi adhibitum est ut significaret motum civilem, philosophiam civilem, et opinabilem societatis formam quam hi motus conficere intendunt. Evenit ut in contextu^? civili, socialismus spectet ad consilia vel proposita a socialisticis organizationibus et factionibus politicis ad societatem socialisticam conficiendam promota. Exampla sunt motus socialistici a luctationis classium vel concitatione revolutionaria designati, vel motus socialistici cum conlegiis opificum conecti, et cum variis "activismi" socialis formis—quorum exemplorum omnia nullam coniunctionem cum socialismo sicut systema socio-oeconomicum vel modus productionis monstrant.

Marxismus

Nexus interni

Nota

↑ Axters, S. (1937). Scholastiek lexicon Latijn-Nederlandsch. Antwerpen: Geloofsverdediging.
↑ Full text of "The Lambeth conferences of 1867, 1878, and 1888 : with the official reports and resolutions, together with the sermons preached at the conferences" (Anglice, Latine, Graece) Ibi etiam "de socialismo"
↑ Michael Newman, Socialism: A Very Short Introduction, (Oxoniae: Oxford University Press, 2005, ISBN 0-19-280431-6).
↑ "Socialism," Oxford English Dictionary: "1. A theory or policy of social organisation which aims at or advocates the ownership and control of the means of production, capital, land, property, etc., by the community as a whole, and their administration or distribution in the interests of all people. 2. A state of society in which things are held or used in common."
↑ "Socialism," Merriam-Webster Unabridged Dictionary.
↑ Carolus Marx, Das Kapital, Volumen I
↑ "Although money, and so monetary calculation, will disappear in socialism this does not mean that there will no longer be any need to make choices, evaluations and calculations...Wealth will be produced and distributed in its natural form of useful things, of objects that can serve to satisfy some human need or other. Not being produced for sale on a market, items of wealth will not acquire an exchange-value in addition to their use-value. In socialism their value, in the normal non-economic sense of the word, will not be their selling price nor the time needed to produce them but their usefulness. It is for this that they will be appreciated, evaluated, wanted. . . and produced" (Socialism and Calculation).
↑ Vide De primis socialismi Germanici lineamentis apud Lutherum, Kant, Fichte, Hegel. IV Hegel, Marx et Lassalle ex Bibliotheca Augustana

Bibliographia

Ankerl, Guy, 1978. Beyond Monopoly Capitalism and Monopoly Socialism. Cantabrigiae Massachusettae: Schenkman.
Beckett, Francis. 2007. Clem Attlee. Politico's. ISBN 978-1-84275-192-3.
Cole, G. D. H. (1965) 2003. History of Socialist Thought, in 7 volumes. Londinii: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 1-4039-0264-X.
Engels, Friedrich. 1989. Socialism: Utopian and Scientific. Pathfinder. ISBN 978-0-87348-579-1.
Engels, Friedrich. 1884. des The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State. Turici.
Fried, Albert, et Ronald Sanders, eds. 1964. Socialist Thought: A Documentary History. Garden City, NY: Doubleday Anchor.
Gasper, Phil. 2005. The Communist Manifesto: A Road Map to History's Most Important Political Document, Haymarket Books.s. ISBN 1-931859-25-6.
Halévy, Élie. 1948. Histoire du Socialisme Européen. Lutetiae: Gallimard.
Michael Harrington, Harrington, Michael. 1972. Socialism. Novi Eboraci: Bantam.
Huerta de Soto, Jesús. 1992. Socialismo, cálculo económico y función empresarial. Unión Editorial. ISBN 84-7209-420-0.
Makoto, Itoh. 1995 Political Economy of Socialism. Londinii: Macmillan. ISBN 0-333-55337-3.
Kitching, Gavin (1983). Rethinking Socialism. Meuthen. ISBN 0416358403
Lange, Oskar. 1938. On the Economic Theory of Socialism. Minneapoli: University of Minnesota Press.
Lebowitz, Michael. 2006. Build It Now: Socialism for the 21st Century, Monthly Review Press. ISBN 1-58367-145-5.
Marx, Karl, et Friedrich Engels. 2002. The Communist Manifesto. Penguin Classics. ISBN 978-0-14-044757-6.
Marx, Karl, et Friederich Engels. 1968. Selected works in one volume. Lawrence and Wishart. ISBN 978-0-85315-181-4.
von Mises, Ludwig. 1922. Socialism: An Economic and Sociological Analysis "Socialism by Ludwig von Mises". Mises.org . Liberty Fund. ISBN 0-913966-63-0.
Muravchik, Joshua. 2002. Heaven on Earth: The Rise and Fall of Socialism. San Francisco: Encounter Books. ISBN 1-893554-45-7.
Newman, Michael. 2005. Socialism: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-280431-6.
Ollman, Bertell, ed. 1998. Market Socialism: The Debate among Socialists. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-91967-3
Panitch, Leo. Renewing Socialism: Democracy, Strategy, and Imagination. ISBN 0-8133-9821-5.
Perreau-Saussine, Emile. 2007. "What remains of socialism?" In Values in Public life: aspects of common goods, ed. Patrick Riordan, 11–34. Berlin, LIT Verlag.
Pipes, Richard. 2000. Property and Freedom. Vintage. ISBN 0-375-70447-7.
Rosser, John Barkley, et Marina V. Rosser. 2004. Comparative Economics in a Transforming World Economy. Cantabrigiae Massachusettae: MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-18234-8.
Rubel, Maximilien, et John Crump. Non-Market Socialism in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries. ISBN 0-312-00524-5.
Selbourne, David. 1985. Against Socialist Illusion. Londini. ISBN 0-333-37095-3.
Verdery, Katherine. 1996. What Was Socialism, What Comes Next. Princetoniae: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-01132-X
Weinstein, James. 2003. Long Detour: The History and Future of the American Left. Westview Press]. ISBN 0-8133-4104-3.
Wilberg, Peter. 2003. Deep Socialism: A New Manifesto of Marxist Ethics and Economics. ISBN 1-904519-02-4.
Wilson, Edmundus. 1940. To the Finland Station: A Study in the Writing and Acting of History. Garden City, Novi Eboraci: Doubleday.

Nexus externus

Jaurès Ioannes. De primis socialismi Germanici lineamentis apud Lutherum, Kant, Fichte, Hegel. IV Hegel, Marx et Lassalle Latine.
Einstein, Albertus. Why Socialism? Albert Einstein - Monthly Review www.monthlyreview.org. (Anglice)

[Axters1937-1] Axters, S. (1937). Scholastiek lexicon Latijn-Nederlandsch. Antwerpen: Geloofsverdediging.

[2] Full text of "The Lambeth conferences of 1867, 1878, and 1888 : with the official reports and resolutions, together with the sermons preached at the conferences" (Anglice, Latine, Graece) Ibi etiam "de socialismo"

[SocialismAVeryShortIntroduction-3] Michael Newman, Socialism: A Very Short Introduction, (Oxoniae: Oxford University Press, 2005, ISBN 0-19-280431-6).

[4] "Socialism," Oxford English Dictionary: "1. A theory or policy of social organisation which aims at or advocates the ownership and control of the means of production, capital, land, property, etc., by the community as a whole, and their administration or distribution in the interests of all people. 2. A state of society in which things are held or used in common."

[5] "Socialism," Merriam-Webster Unabridged Dictionary.

[6] Carolus Marx, Das Kapital, Volumen I

[7] "Although money, and so monetary calculation, will disappear in socialism this does not mean that there will no longer be any need to make choices, evaluations and calculations...Wealth will be produced and distributed in its natural form of useful things, of objects that can serve to satisfy some human need or other. Not being produced for sale on a market, items of wealth will not acquire an exchange-value in addition to their use-value. In socialism their value, in the normal non-economic sense of the word, will not be their selling price nor the time needed to produce them but their usefulness. It is for this that they will be appreciated, evaluated, wanted. . . and produced" (Socialism and Calculation).

[8] Vide De primis socialismi Germanici lineamentis apud Lutherum, Kant, Fichte, Hegel. IV Hegel, Marx et Lassalle ex Bibliotheca Augustana

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